1. Data Structures

• Lists and list operations
• Tuples and sets
• Dictionaries (key-value pairs)
• Iterating through data structures
• common built-in methods for collections

2. File Handling

• Reading from and writing to files
• Working with text files and CSV files
• File exceptions and error handling

3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Classes and objects
• Attributes and methods
• Inheritance and polymorphism

Encapsulation and abstraction