Units:

1. Motion and Forces
   • Speed, velocity, and acceleration
   • Newton’s Laws of Motion
2. Energy
   • Types of energy (kinetic, potential, thermal)
   • Conservation of energy
   • Simple machines
3. Waves and Sound
   • Wave properties (frequency, wavelength)
   • Sound as a mechanical wave
4. Light and Optics
   • Reflection, refraction, absorption
   • Behavior of light in lenses and mirrors
5. Electricity and Magnetism
   • Static and current electricity
   • Circuits and basic electromagnetism
6. Heat and Temperature
   • Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation
   • Thermal expansion